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40 SMT007 MAGAZINE I JANUARY 2021 as opposed to just being operators. Training and recognition increase their self-esteem and creates a feeling of appreciation. A company should have an intrinsic value system where employees are people and nothing is perma- nent, therefore you should make every effort to keep your employees as employable as possible. This also helps with cross training programs so all employees can do many differ- ent jobs within the facility. Training Reduces Cost of Quality What is the cost of quality? Every time you must spend time fixing something, the cost of quality increases. So, any cost that would not have been expended if quality were per- fect contributes to the cost of quality. It's best when problems can be discovered immedi- ately and not later when it gets to the field. See Table 1 for an explanation of costs rise depend- ing on where defects are found. What is the value of training? The bottom line is, "You don't get paid for what you know; you get paid for how you use what you know." SMT007 References 1. Peter F. Drucker (November 19, 1909–November 11, 2005) Peter Drucker was a prolific writer and professor of man- agement studies. His writings have predicted many of the major developments of the late 20th century, includ- ing privatization and decentralization, the rise of Japan to economic world power, the decisive importance of mar- keting, and the emergence of the information society with its necessity of lifelong learning. In 1959, Drucker coined the term "knowledge worker" and later in his life consid- ered "knowledge work productivity" to be the next fron- tier of management. 2. "Designing Training Programs, the Critical Events Model," by Leonard Nadler. 3. "The ASTD Training and Develop Handbook: A Guide to Human Resource Development," by Robert L. Craig. 4. "The Human Relations Movement: Harvard Business School and the Hawthorne Experiments." Leo Lambert is technical director at EPTAC, where he oversees content of course offerings and provides customers with expert consultation. Leo's career spans 40 years in the industry; he is a recipient of the IPC President's Award. Table 1: The exponential cost of finding defects. Traditional electric guitars have a "pickup," a magnetic transducer made with miles of copper wire coiled around magnets via a tedious, time-consuming process. Purdue Polytechnic's Davin Huston, Mark French, and Kathryn Smith (a former graduate student) have created a flexible, printed circuit board that imitates the conven- tional copper wire configurations inside electric guitars. With a conventional electric guitar pickup, string vibra- tions cause the electromagnetic field to oscillate, induce a voltage in the coil, and generate an electric signal. The team's circuit board works the same way. Davin Huston, assistant professor of practice in engi- neering technology, said, "Our circuit boards can be printed in large quantities and fit inside just about any electric guitar, which simplifies the manufacturing process but keeps the sound quality and reliability." "With typical pickups, the coils often produce undesired feedback and need to be potted with wax or a polymer," said French. "Our circuit board provides an alternative that is easier to produce with manufactured consistency." (Purdue Polytechnic Institute) Engineering Technology Team's Printed Circuit Board Design Improves Electric Guitars