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52 DESIGN007 MAGAZINE I FEBRUARY 2022 Current generations for PCB designs have increased in complexity. e product devel- oper and assembly service provider, whether in-house or outsourced, must consider manu- facturing efficiency, throughput, and process yield. While design for manufacturing is an absolute necessity for controlling manufactur- ing costs, design to accommodate product test- ing does need attention as well. e primary concern is to ensure that the end product will perform reliably without compromise. Designing the circuit board for testability is a key requirement in meeting the overall design for manufacturing (DFM) criteria. rough- out the circuit board's development process, the designer must contemplate the essential features required for electrical testing, testing to verify component functionality, and iden- tifying PCB assembly defects. Imperfections discovered during testing may include defects that occur during the assembly process, opens and shorts attributed to solder operations, component placement errors, or the unknow- ing inclusion of counterfeit, defective or dam- aged components that can affect both perfor- mance and long-term product reliability. Part two of this series focuses on three PCB assembly test methodologies: • Functional testing • Partitioned functional test • In-circuit test In determining what type of electrical testing to adopt, the product developer will need to consider production volume and specific end- user requirements. e requirements for con- Design for Test, Part 2 Designers Notebook by Vern Solberg, CONSULTANT