SMT007 Magazine

SMT-June2014

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78 SMT Magazine • June 2014 Electronic Testing entitled "Counterfeit Inte- grated Circuits: Detection, Avoidance, and the Challenges Ahead," there are seven main types of supply chain vulnerabilities to counterfeit electronics. These categories are: • Recycled: used parts re-packaged and sold as new • Remarked: parts on which the original markings are removed and replaced with a different part's information • Overproduced: parts fabricated and sold outside of contract by untrusted facilities • Out-of-Spec/Defective: parts that are known to be defective, but are sold as new • Cloned: parts produced and sold by unauthorized organizations through either reverse engineering or illicitly acquired intellectual property • Forged documentation: provision of illegitimate documentation for parts • Tampered: a device which has been modified with the purpose of making it defective. This is usually done for malicious reasons such as sabotage, rather than for profit As there is such a diversity of counterfeit- ing methods, it is easy to understand the fact that there are major challenges to the detection of counterfeits. This is where the importance of knowing that you are performing the right kind of testing, and to the proper degree, becomes evident. There are two main types of testing: physi- cal inspection and electrical inspection. Physi- cal inspections include categories such as inte- rior testing, exterior testing, and material anal- ysis. Blacktop testing, marking permanency, and physical dimension evaluation are some examples of specific physical tests. Electrical in- spection, on the other hand, is a term which encompasses parametric and functional testing, as well as burn-in and structural tests. It is com- mon for parts to require both forms of testing— this should be taken into account when choos- ing a testing facility. When seeking to keep counterfeits out of the supply chain, buyers and firms must ask two important questions: • How do I know that I'm performing adequate testing? • How do I find a good testing facility? In order to determine the answers to these questions, it is helpful to use an industry bench- mark. If the company seeking testing is certified to the SAE International AS5553-A standard, they should seek testing to the levels outlined in SAE AS6018, in accordance with AS5553-A. In fact, it is advisable for all firms to perform testing to the levels outlined in AS6081, as this standard is the most recent and most stringent anti-counterfeiting standard currently in ex- istence, and has been approved by the United States Department of Defense. Another standard that clearly establishes uniform industry wide testing standards is MIL-STD-883. Additionally, SAE 6171 (Test Methods Standard: Counterfeit kraMer on CoMponenTS DeTeRMInIng TeSTIng ReQuIReMenTS continues

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