Issue link: https://iconnect007.uberflip.com/i/1091269
40 PCB007 MAGAZINE I MARCH 2019 4. Real-time capability: The capability to col- lect and analyze data, and provide the derived insights immediately 5. Service orientation: Offering services of cy- ber-physical systems, humans, or smart facto- ries via IoS 6. Modularity: Flexible adaptation of smart factories to changing requirements by replac- ing or expanding individual modules Identified challenges include [3] : • IT security issues, which are greatly aggravated by the inherent need to open up previously closed production shops • Reliability and stability needed for critical machine-to-machine communication (M2M), including very short and stable latency times • The need to maintain the integrity of production processes • The need to avoid any IT snags that would cause expensive production outages • The need to protect industrial knowhow also contained in the control files for the industrial automation gear • The lack of adequate skill sets to expedite the march towards the fourth industrial revolution • Threats of redundancy of the corporate IT department • General reluctance to change by stakeholders Current Automation Network Protocols MAPS Protocol MAPS stands for message automation and protocol simulation. As explained in an over- view tutorial [4] , MAPS specifies a set of stan- dard communication services for factory auto- mation and has been accepted as an interna- tional standard by the International Organiza- tion for Standardization (ISO). It is a protocol simulation and conformance test tool that sup- ports a variety of protocols for factory-floor controllers such as PLCs, robots, and group and cluster controllers. MAPS is one of the old- est and most used of the factory floor auto- mation protocols; it was pioneered by General Motors and adopted by General Electric for its factories. MAPS is based on the reference model for the open systems interconnection (OSI) mod- el of the ISO. It has three main components: file transfer, access, and management services; manufacturing message specification servic- es; and X.500 services. Protocols include SIP, MEGACO, MGCP, SS7, ISDN, GSM, MAP, CAS, LTE, UMTS, SS7 SIGTRAN, ISDN SIGTRAN, SIP I, GSM AoIP, diameter, and others. This message automation tool covers solutions for both protocol simulation and analysis. The ap- plication includes various test plans and cas- es to support the testing of real-time entities. Along with automation capability, the appli- cation gives users the unlimited ability to edit messages and control scenarios and message sequences generated through scripts. MAPS is designed to work on TDM inter- faces as well as IP/Ethernet interfaces. Also, MAPS supports 3G and 4G mobile protocol standards for testing rapidly evolving mobile technologies and can simulate radio signaling protocols, such as LTE (S1, eGTP, X2) inter- faces and UMTS (IuCS, IuPS, IuH), GPRG Gb, and GSM A over an IP transport layer. With the help of cellphones and other simulated wire- less networks, a VoLTE Lab setup can be op- erated in real time for making VoLTE calls and interworking with PSTN and VoIP networks. MAPS is enhanced to a high-density version and a special-purpose 1U network appliance capable of handling a high call intensity (hun- dreds of calls per second) and a high volume of sustained calls (tens of thousands of simul- taneous calls per 1U platform). A good descrip- tion of MAPS and how it works is available in an HP Journal [5] . SECS I and SECS II/GEM Protocols Semiconductor process equipment manufac- turers identified the need for their equipment to communicate with a larger host computer sys- tem and developed the Semiconductor Equip- ment and Materials International (SEMI) equip-