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MAY 2019 I DESIGN007 MAGAZINE 55 Another example of a negotiation would be maintaining controlled impedances since there are hundreds of different materials and all of them have slightly different Dk and Df val- ues. If a given customer just calls out FR-4, the shop will invariably choose their most com- monly used "flavor" of FR-4 materials. Some- times, that can result in small tweaks of the trace width or spaces to achieve the controlled impedance. Again, the good news is that typi- cally, a drawing will specify that up to 20% of trace width or space is acceptable to achieve impedances; anything more than 20% will re- quire buy-in from the customer. Thus, there are many ways to skin a cat to be able to pro- duce a given PCB. As always, thank you for your time. If you have any questions about this column, please feel free to email me at markt@prototron.com. DESIGN007 Mark Thompson is in engineer- ing support at Prototron Circuits. To read past columns or contact Thompson, click here. Thompson is also the author of The Printed Circuit Designer's Guide to… Producing the Perfect Data Package. Visit I-007eBooks.com to download this book and other free, educational titles. The Quantum Technologies for Information Science (QUTIS) group of the UPV/EHU (University of the Basque Country) has participated in an international investi- gation together with the CSIC and the University of Ulm (Germany) that has given rise to a series of protocols for quantum sensors that would allow obtaining magnet- ic resonance imaging of biomolecules using a minimum amount of radiation. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a technique be- hind many applications such as medical imaging, neuro- science, or the detection of drugs and explosives. With the help of quantum sensors, nuclear magnetic reso- nance has been adapted to work in the nanoscale regime, which has given it the potential to have an impact on vari- ous disciplines including life sciences, biology, or medi- cine, and provides measurements of incomparable preci- sion and sensitivity. "We hope that the combination of quantum sensors and dynamic decoupling techniques will allow us to obtain nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of individual biomol- ecules," commented the authors, including Dr. Jorge Casanova and Dr. Enrique Solano, both Ikerbasque researchers. Their protocol is robust and requires less energy than conventional techniques. This not only extends the operating regime of the sensor to stronger magnetic fields but also avoids the heating of the biologi- cal samples that would occur when using other protocols with high radiation intensi- ty. As a result, this work opens a new line of research and paves the way for the safe use of nuclear magnetic resonance at the nanoscale. (Source: UPV/EHU) Quantum Sensors Improve Sensitivity of Magnetic Resonance