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MARCH 2020 I SMT007 MAGAZINE 53 • Data acquisition unit (DAU): Connects machines and manual processes using a variety of physical interfaces, such as RS232, digital I/O, USB, HDMI, LAN, SMEMA (Hermes), and light tower sensors. Data Formats OML uses the JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) standard to represent each message. The use of JSON in the software industry has rapidly increased year on year, with the for- mat now widely used in most web-based tech- nology and across the Internet generally. For example, JSON can represent the same data, using significantly less space than XML, which means performance gains. However, like XML, JSON is still human-readable and can repre- sent complex data. JSON is easily compressed to reduce size for further efficiency. JSON is a fully open standard with mature future support in most major programming languages and platforms. The Seimens/Men- tor hierarchy is seen in Figure 3. OML allows equipment suppliers and users to create rec- ipes, control equipment, sound alarms, and collect data to solve problems automatically (Figure 4). Figure 4 shows how the DAU and SPU col- lect, interpret, and normalize the data and pro- vide it to higher-level functions that can use the data to take immediate actions through CamStar, Teamcenter PLM, and Mindsphere or other third-party software solutions. SEMI's SECS/GEM Protocol SEMI's SECS/GEM was established in the 1980s and 1990s by the semiconductor indus- try and has been continuously updated to today. There are over 900 English SEMI Stan- dards with many more in Korean, Japanese, and Chinese. SEMI also has standards for other industries like photovoltaic. The stan- dards are open and non-proprietary. SEMI's documentation is useful to establish messages and responses for PCB fabrication protocols. Like IC fabrication, the PCB fabrication pro- cess is thermodynamic, so the IC fab model is very useful for PCB fabrication and is differ- ent than the kinematic PCB assembly model. It has been updated with current wireless networking and security and is a convenient model for additional PCB automation [2] . SEMI has PCB fabrication and assembly advi- sory boards working to connect the entire elec- tronics supply chain into one digital thread. Figure 3: The Valor/Siemens IoT Manufacturing Control system follows the ISA-95 hierarchical MES application levels. [Source: Siemens]