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NOVEMBER 2020 I SMT007 MAGAZINE 13 inspection algorithms, manufacturers could locate errors like pad overhang and insufficient solder. However, the validity of the measure- ment data remained questionable as most of the 2.5 and 3D AOI systems still use 2D-based "blob detection" to find the component body and lead tip—a technique that is susceptible to external factors like board warpage and com- ponent proximity, etc. Since finding the com- ponent body and lead tip is the critical first step in the inspection process, if done poorly or inaccurately, it negatively affects the whole inspection sequence and contributes signifi- cantly to false calls. True 3D inspection systems can overcome this challenge for all component types by extracting their exact body dimensions and location (Figure 2). For example, the Zenith AOI series uses a parallel computing engine to process true 3D measurements. While 2D, 2.5D, and even some 3D inspection systems combine basic 2D data with limited height and width data to offer inspection data, it is not reliable, repeatable, or relatable. Using patented shadow-free 3D technology, the Zenith series provides superior results by measuring every aspect of the component and solder joint in accordance with the IPC-A-610 standard. It generates a significant and sta- tistically relevant set of reliable, repeatable, and relatable measurement data. This data gives rise to industry-leading measurement- based analysis and optimization solutions like the KSMART process control software. Adept equipment suppliers can apply the data set to proprietary AI engines for continuous perfor- mance improvement. The analysis solution collects all inspection and measurement data from all equipment with its hub and then provides the data any- where within the network with an intuitive user interface on a web-based application. The beauty of this powerful analytical tool is trace- ability. Big data is the foundation for Indus- try 4.0, so KSMART helps advanced inspection systems evolve from pass/fail tools into highly intuitive, dynamic decision-making systems. As the gateway to the smart factory, it also ensures the highest levels of transparency by showing all conditions of the lines while pro- viding the required documentation for changes to the job file, package, part, and more. The Value of Accurate 3D Data Manufacturers should not settle for anything less than reliable, repeatable, and relatable measurement data in the PCBA process. Data is the most crucial element for success and Figure 2: A practical approach to mapping the component body by using measurement technology to deliver reliable, repeatable, and relatable data.