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96 PCB007 MAGAZINE I JANUARY 2021 ible with existing printed circuit board design and manufacturing processes and tolerances. Soon both electrical and optical interconnec- tions can be fabricated into a single board with significant improvement in end-product per- formance. PCB007 References 1. Photonic Integrated Circuit (IC) & Quantum comput- ing Market – Forecast (2020 - 2025), IndustryARC, Report Code: ESR 0268 2. Watsun, Jim, "Chip-to-chip optical interconnect—Op- tical Pipedream?" First Optoelectronics Packaging Work- shop, February 21-22, 2001, pps. B1 to B22, Austin, Texas. 3. Griese, Elmar, "Optical Interconnection Technology for PCB Applications," PCB Fab, June 2002, pps. 20-36. 4. E. Griese, A. Himmler, K. Klimke, A. Koske, J.-R. Kropp, S. Lehmacher, A. Neyer, W. Süllau: "Self-aligned coupling of optical transmitter and receiver modules to board-in- tegrated multimode waveguides," M.R. Taghizadeh, H. Thienpont, G.E. Jabbour (Eds.): Micro- and Nano-optics for Optical Interconnection and Information Processing, Pro- ceedings of SPIE, Vol. 4455, pps. 243-250, 2001. 5. E.Griese, "A high-performance hybrid electrical-op- tical interconnection technology for high-speed electron- ic systems," IEEE Transactions Advanced Packaging, Vol. 24, No. 3, pps. 375-383, August 2001. 6. D. Krabe, F. Ebling, N. Arndt-Staufenbiel, G. Lang, W. Scheel: "New technology for electrical/optical systems on module and board level: The EOCB approach." Proceed- ings of 50 th Electronics Components & Technology Confer- ence, pps. 970-974, Las Vegas, NV (USA), May 2000. 7. Erben, Christoph, "New Materials in Optoelectronics— Advantages and Challenges for Polymers," Second Opto- electronics Packaging Workshop, August 21-22, 2001, pp. B1 to B22, Austin, TX. 8. Schroder, Henning, "Photonic and Waveguides—Ad- vantages and Challenges for Polymers," Second Opto- electronics Packaging Workshop, August 21-22, 2001, pp. B1 to B22, Austin, TX. 9. Y. Ishii, S. Koike, Y. Arai, Y. Ando, "Short Wave SFF Small Form Factor Transceivers," Proceedings of ECTC 2001 Con- ference, Orlando, FL (USA), May 30, 2001. 10. F. Tooley, Technical presentation on Truemode Poly- mers and Backplanes, private conversation. www.thzon- line.com. 11. Yuzo Ishii, Tsuyoshi, Hayashi, and Hideyuki Takaha- ra, "Demonstration of On-PCB Optical Interconnection Us- ing Surface-Mount Package and Polymer Waveguide," Proceedings of 53th Electronics Components & Technol- ogy Conference, pps. 1147-1152, Las Vegas, NV (USA), May 2003. 12. Holden, H, "Optical Waveguides," CircuiTree Maga- zine, Jan. 2004. 13. Kash, Kuchta, Doany, Schow, Libsch, Budd, Taira, Na- kagawa, Offrein & Taubenblatt, "Optical PCB Overview," IBM Research Meeting Presentation, Nov. 2009. Further Reading Holden, H., "An Update on Developing Technologies of Integrated Optical Waveguides in Printed Circuits," The PCB Magazine, Sept. 2011. Happy Holden has worked in printed circuit technology since 1970 with Hewlett-Packard, NanYa/Westwood, Merix, Foxconn and Gentex. He is currently a contributing technical editor with I-Connect007. To read past columns or to contact Holden, click here.