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56 PCB007 MAGAZINE I JUNE 2023 7. "A History of the Printed Circuit Board (PCB)." 911EDA. 8. "Comparing PCB Industry in China and the United States, How Small and Medium-Sized Enter- prises Can Do Better, by Kerstin," PCBA Manufactur- ers, Sept. 27, 2022. 9. "Legislation Introduced to Restore America's Printed Circuit Board Industry after Two Decades of Decline," Yahoo! Finance, May 11, 2023. 10. "PCB History and Development Trends—Moko Technology," by Will Li, MOKO TECHNOLOGY: Your Trusted Electronic Manufacturing Services Partner, Nov. 11, 2021. 11. "Circuit Board Manufacturing: USA vs. Asia," by Isaac Maw, Engineering.Com, Aug. 18, 2018. 12. "NTI 100: The Unsinkable, Unstoppable PCB Market," by Hayao Nakahara, Printed Circuit Design & Fab Online Magazine, July 28, 2022. 13. "Leadership Lost? Rebuilding the U.S. Elec- tronics Supply Chain," by Joseph O'Neil, IPC, Janu- ary 2022. 14. "US Congress Proposes Support for American PCB Manufacturing," by Zachariah Peterson, Altium, May 13, 2022. 15. "The History of PCBS from 1870 to Today," by Edwin Robledo, Fusion 360 Blog, May 10, 2022. 16. "A Look inside Shenzhen's High-Tech Empire," by Wade Shepard, Forbes, July 14, 2016. 17. "How Did R+D Disappear from American Elec- tronics Manufacturing?" by Brian Sinclair, Micro- wave Product Digest, July 21, 2021. 18. "Who Killed US Manufacturing?" by Ruth Stra- chan and Shehadi Sebastian, Investment Monitor, May 12, 2021. 19. "America's Defense Electronics Supply Chain Is Dangerously Thin and Falling Behind," by Eric Tegler, Forbes, June 30, 2021. 20. "Chips Don't Float: Reviving Semiconductor Manufacturing Alone Won't Assure America's Secu- rity," by Eric Tegler, Forbes, Jan. 7, 2022. 21. "Top 10 Largest Printed Circuit Board Manufac- turers in the US," IndustrySelect, July 2021. 22. Summary of the Protecting Circuit Boards and Substrates Act, U.S. Congress, Reps. Blake Moore and Anna G. Eschoo. Preeya Kuray, PhD, is a material scientist at AGC Multi Material America. To read previous columns, click here. ing the industry market share? How will this impact R&D and innovation? e answer is complicated, but the tides are turning. With the passing of the Defense Pro- duction Act in March 2023, President Biden announced $50 million in investment toward domestic PCB manufacturing. On May 11, 2023, Congress reintroduced the Protecting Circuit Boards and Substrates Act of 2023, which would allocate $3 billion to domes- tic PCB manufacturing and provide 25% tax credit for purchases of American-made PCBs and substrates. Public awareness is also slowly changing. On social media, PCBs are get- ting the attention they deserve from trending hashtags like #chipsdontfloat. Finally, there are pathways that manufacturing plants can take now to offset operating costs and improve capabilities, such as taking advantage of R&D tax credits that may help fund advanced fabri- cation equipment. Reinvesting in manufacturing may be a nec- essary component for the growth and pros- perity of the domestic PCB industry. It will require continued dialogue and communi- cation between industry and government. It will require training the new generation to carry on production knowledge and know- how. e solution is not straightforward; but from this vantage point, the future looks promising. PCB007 Resources 1. "The History of High Density Interconnect," by Amit Bahl, Sierra Circuits, Sept. 30, 2015. 2. "The Changing World of PCBs," NCAB Group, Nov. 23, 2020. 3. "The Development of China's PCB Manufactur- ing Industry in the World," NextPCB, April 21, 2021. 4. "What Will the PCB Act Mean to Electronics Manufacturers?" by Terri Enborg, PRIDE Industries, May 24, 2022. 5. "The History and Evolution of Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Designs." By G. Ken, EDN, April 18, 2022. 6. "The Exodus of Chinese Manufacturing: Shut- ting down 'The World's Factory,'" by Prince Ghosh, forbes.com, Sept. 18, 2020.