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70 PCB007 MAGAZINE I OCTOBER 2023 Article by Val Kaplan CIMS In the rapidly evolving landscape of PCB manufacturing, the integration of machine learning (ML) in the context of smart factories is ushering in a new era of efficiency, adaptabil- ity, and competitiveness within the industry. is article explores how ML is revolutioniz- ing various facets of smart factories, including predictive maintenance, quality control, pro- duction, and inventory optimization. By har- nessing the power of data-driven insights and automation, ML is enabling factories to pro- actively address issues, optimize processes, and enhance product quality. is transforma- tive technology not only minimizes downtime but also paves the way for agile, cost-effective, and sustainable manufacturing operations. e article sheds light on real-world applications, challenges, and the promising future of ML in the Smart factory ecosystem. What are Smart Factories? A Smart factory is typically defined as an advanced manufacturing facility that utilizes cutting-edge technologies, automation, and data-driven processes to optimize its opera- tions, improve efficiency, enhance productiv- ity, and enable more agile and flexible produc- tion. In a Smart factory, various components, including machines, equipment, and systems, AI Revolution Reshaping the Future of PCB Manufacturing