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24 DESIGN007 MAGAZINE I JANUARY 2025 ance it is given by human intelligence. Its key roles will include: • Automated layout and optimization: Additional automation and the evolu- tion of AI will support the PCB designer in generating designs in a significantly reduced amount of time. It will also enable PCB designers to produce efficient designs that consider layout solvability, perfor- mance, and manufacturability for highest yield at the lowest cost—the three key per- spectives of success in PCB design. • Predictive simulation: AI will help with modeling thermal behavior, electromag- netic interference, and signal paths before fabrication, saving time and resources. • Error detection and validation: AI will help identify potential issues and suggest corrections early in the design process. PCB designers will manipulate and guide AI by defining objectives, prioritizing trade-offs, providing relevant queries, and ensuring that designs meet real-world needs. ey will use AI to their advantage to produce the highest qual- ity products faster and cheaper. Humans will truly be the masters of the PCB design domain. Inspiring the Next Generation of Designers A critical challenge will be ensuring a steady pipeline of skilled designers. is challenge will necessitate that companies rethink hiring strat- egies, invest in upskilling, and collaborate with educational institutions to bridge the skills gap. Strategies to attract and develop talent include: • Revamped education: Engineering cur- ricula must include the core principles and applications of PCB design and integrate AI, coding, and sustainability into tradi- tional engineering design courses. • Diversity and inclusion: Outreach pro- grams targeting underrepresented groups in STEM will expand the talent pool and foster innovation. • Hands-on learning: Tools and platforms that gamify design, such as interactive and intuitive PCB layout soware or virtual reality collaboration, can engage younger audiences. Major Future Trends for PCB Designers Rapid technological advancements and evol- ving industry needs are shaping the future of PCB design. So too will the skills set and cra of the PCB design profession. Here are some major trends to watch for: • High-density interconnects (HDI), UHDI, and miniaturization: As devices become smaller and more powerful, the demand for compact PCBs with high-den- sity interconnections grows. › Microvias, buried vias, and blind vias to optimize space › Smaller trace widths and spacing to fit more functionality in limited spaces › Embedded components like capacitors and resistors directly within PCB layers