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24 SMT007 MAGAZINE I APRIL 2025 is data you can act on. Data you can't act on have another name: noise. You'll need fully automated decision-making soware (based on computer vision or artificial intelligence) if you're deploying a fully automated sys- tem producing vast amounts of data per second. At the other end of the spectrum is a system that delivers data much slower than a manual system. In this case, it is possible to have the operator make the pass/fail determination (upon proper training). e X-ray machine industr y drastically changed when the ball grid array (BGA) package was invented in the early 1980s. Before that, X-ray machine manufacturers followed Steps 1, 2, and 3 (imaging, motion, and decision) to design a solution for an electronic manufacturing supplier (EMS) or contract manufacturing company (CM). The invention of the BGA kicked off the bottom terminated com- ponent (BTC) revolution, which triggered a convergence in the design of X-ray machines. The myriad BTC designs simplified and unified the problems X-ray machines would reveal. In turn, it allowed the convergence of soft- ware and hardware to find these defects. Continue reading this book here. Bill Cardoso, CEO of Creative Electron, talks about the changing landscape of X-ray technology. He says the rise of miniaturization and complexity in assemblies, along with the introduction of fully automated 3D X-ray machines to meet U.S. demand are driving the technology. Bill predicts a future where X-ray technology becomes more affordable and widespread. Reporting on the Future of X-ray Technology