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OCTOBER 2025 I PCB007 MAGAZINE 79 arduous customs process and creating investment incentives for certain industry segments, such as clean energy and semiconductors. With a healthy ecosystem of mature electronics manufacturing in place, the incentive for Thailand is there to figure this out sooner rather than later. Compare and Contrast At the end of the day, any business's decision to expand is calculated to maximize its probability of achieving its best market advantage in the long term, but some moves may help you achieve your endgame more quickly than others. As U.S. electronics manufacturers navigate the complexities of diversifying their supply chains beyond China, both Vietnam and Thailand present compelling opportunities. Vietnam's youthful work- force and rapid rise as a manufacturing hub offer significant appeal, particularly for companies seek- ing a dynamic labor pool. On the other hand, Thai- land's established infrastructure and robust policy incentives for training and investment provide a stable foundation for growth. Ultimately, the choice between these two markets will hinge on individual business strategies, workforce requirements, and the evolving landscape of trade regulations. PCB007 Resources • "BGA Vietnam and BGA Thailand," Global Electronics Association,. July 2024. • "Vietnam's Electronics Manufacturing and Vocational Training Landscape," BowerGroupA- sia, July 2024. • "BGA Thailand Brief for IPC," BowerGroupAsia, July 2024. • "Thailand targets 280,000 workforce in high- tech sectors over 5 years," Reuters, June 17, 2024. • "Vietnam exports to U.S., imports from China fall in August after tariffs take effect," Reuters, Sept. 9, 2025. • "Thailand First Half Investment Applications Rise 35%… E&E Again Tops Sectors List," Thai- land Board of Investment. 2024. • "Population ages 15–64, Viet Nam," World Bank, accessed 2025. • "Skilled-labour Crisis in Thailand: Prognosis, Policies and Prospects," RSIS 2024. • "Booming industries, skills gaps sparking Thai tal- ent war: survey," Nation Thailand, Dec. 8, 2024.