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70 The PCB Magazine • September 2016 junka Box. Also known as the flexible mass pro- duction, the TTW has two pillar concepts: kan- ban, JIT, and jidoka or "autonomation" (smart automation = automation + people). Kanban-Heijunka Box These production processes are based on five related items (5Ss) describing workplace practices conducive to visual control and Lean production: 1. Seiri (sifting): Go through everything in the work area, separating and eliminating what isn't needed. 2. Seiton (sorting): Arrange items that are needed in a neat and easy-to-use manner. 3. Seiso (sweeping clean): Clean up the work area, equipment, and tools. 4. Seiketsu (spic and Span): The overall cleanliness and order that result from disciplined practice of the first three Ss. 5. Shitsuke (sustain): Discipline to per- form the first four Ss. Jidoka In addition to smart automation, Jidoka is built upon standards and standardized work. Standardized Work Establishing precise procedures for each op- erator's work in a production process, based on three elements: 1. Takt time, which is the rate at which products must be made in a process to meet customer demand. LEAN MANUFACTURING Table 1: Whelen Engineering's continuous innerlayer and multilayer process steps. Table 2: Standard innerlayer and multilayer process steps.