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18 PCB007 MAGAZINE I APRIL 2018 • Intel has acquired Mobileye (an Israeli company) that makes systems for collision avoidance in self-driving vehicles and has also announced a partnership with Waymo • Microsoft has announced partnerships with automakers developing autonomous Internet-connected vehicles including BMW, Ford, Volvo, Renault-Nissan, and Toyota as well as Chinese company Baidu • Amazon is focused on getting purchases to customers as quickly and as cheaply as possible; therefore, they are part of a Toyota announcement revealing a self-driving food delivery vehicle called the e-Palette • IBM received a patent in March for a "machine learning system that can dynamically shift control of an autono- mous vehicle between a human driver and a vehicle control processor in the event of a potential emergency." IBM has multiple patents that tie together machine learning and driving. Whatever road technology we see from IBM will likely be connected to its AI engine Watson • Nuro's self-driving R-1 delivers what you need to where you need it (Figure 6) • GM will make an autonomous car without steering wheel or pedals by 2019 (Figure 7) • Audi and Nvidia Working on Fully Autonomous Car for 2020 Rollout to consumer market [2] • Ford Targets Fully Autonomous Vehicle for Ride Sharing in 2021 [3] Overall, the general feeling is that as we be- come more and more a society dependent on autonomous vehicles, and as we remove the human factor and depend more on AI and Figure 6: Nuro self-driving delivery vehicle.