Issue link: https://iconnect007.uberflip.com/i/1088168
42 SMT007 MAGAZINE I MARCH 2019 of PLCs, control systems, and robots to manu- facturing. The OSI communication standard is the phys- ical and electrical definitions of how smart fac- tory equipment and software communicates. The seven layers perform these tasks: • Level 7, Application: Provide all services directly comprehensible to the application program • Level 6, Presentation: Restructure data to/from a standardized format used within the network • Level 5, Session: Manage address translation and access security • Level 4, Transport: Provide transparent, reliable data transfer from end station to end station (e.g., TCP, UDP, etc.) • Level 3, Network: Perform messages routing for data transfer between nonadjacent stations (e.g., LANS, WANS, ARP, ICMP, etc.) • Level 2, Data Link: Transmit packets/ messages between adjacent stations based on the station address • Level 1, Physical: Encode and physically transfer electrical signals/messages between adjacent stations • Level 0, Production: The actual production process Figure 8 shows what the Germans foresee for Industry 4.0 using the ISA-95 hierarchy [2] . This is the same hierarchy as defined in the 1980s by CASA/SME's wheel. The only difference is the influence of the cloud and higher speed Figure 7: Building a smart factory or a factory of the future depends on the assimilation and integration of standalone automated systems, such as robots, CNC machines, conveyors, AGVs, AOI, process controllers, PLCs, and other smart machines into a coordinated symphony of manufacturing. (Source: The Yankee Group)