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50 PCB007 MAGAZINE I SEPTEMBER 2019 lieved were the best parts of each standard, in- cluding IPC-1752, as it developed a standard- ized model for the electronics industry. As a data exchange model, IPC-1752 did not meet the IEC need for a complete solution, both what to report and how to exchange this data through the supply chain. When IEC formed WG1 in 2006 to create the IEC 62474 standard, IPC 1752 only covered how to exchange da- ta through the supply chain; it referred to the JIG list for what to report (JIG-101 list speci- fied what substances and substance groups to report with reporting thresholds, but it did not specify how substances and substance groups get declared through the supply chain). Also, IPC as a trade association does not rep- resent the complete electronics product sector and is not part of the World Trade Organization (WTO) as is ISO and IEC. Similarly, JIG did not provide a complete solution, as it includ- ed what to report: the JIG-101 substances list. JGPSSI from Japan was another material dec- laration exchange standard and tool. Neither JIG nor JGPSSI allowed for being able to report information for the purpose of environmental- ly conscious design. The substances and sub- stance groups that JIG and JGPSSI specified to be declared were based on substance restric- tions. Again, IEC 62474 was designed to be able to provide declarations more broadly as an input to environmentally conscious design (ECD). ECD considers more than whether a substance is restricted or prohibited from use. ECD also looks at resource use as part of the data needed to be considered during a life cycle assessment. So, the IEC 62474 solution created material classes, which can be report- ed and used as a data input for life cycle as- sessments. Material classes are a grouping of materials (and substances) that may provide information on resources, independent of haz- ards, independent of reviewing for regulatory compliance. Material class reporting makes no mention or determination of materials or sub- stances as good or bad. WG1 included many stakeholders, includ- ing co-conveners from IPC-1752, JGPSSI, and JIG. The IEC model is a flexible approach that allows relatively rapid updates of the content to be reported (declarable substances and sub- stance groups, material classes) and the data exchange method (the XML schema) through the creation and maintenance of the IEC 62474 database. IEC validation team (VT) 62474 maintains and updates this database based on the requirements of IEC 62474. This means that changes to what to report and how to report based on IEC 62474 do not require a change to the standard and can be done generally within three months. The IEC VT 62474 has success- fully made at least two updates per year since 2012. IEC 62474 is currently on version 16 for substance lists and version 7 for data exchange and has started the update process for versions 17 and 8, respectively. The rules for IEC 62474 declaration have a fundamental principle to ensure that there is always enough information to calculate compliance—this is a bit stricter than either IPC-1752A or IPC-1754. The original intent was that these other stan- dards would sunset after IEC 62474 edition 1.0 was issued. IEC 62474 should become the foundation of IPC-1752; IPC-175x would over- lay additional features that industry needed but were not included in IEC 62474, such as manu- facturing information, exemptions, pre-defined query statements, etc. IPC and several industry associations (e.g., iNEMI) were also pushing for harmonization with the international stan- dard. This happened with both JGPSSI and JIG. IPC chose not to do this. The 2-18B com- mittee decided to maintain full control of their IPC-1752 standard, especially with regard to the simplified Class C declaration; it had the flexibility to reveal only a limited amount of information that the supplier wanted to reveal. Meanwhile, IEC 62474 has a declaration hier- archy with "base requirements" for declarable substances list (DSL) substances (very similar to the IPC-1754 class F) and "additional re- quirements" for other substances (similar to IPC-1754 class G). Figure 3 illustrates the IEC 62474 journey. In June 2000, a consortium of automotive companies introduced the International Mate- rial Data System (IMDS) for material declara- tions of suppliers into the automotive industry,