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20 SMT007 MAGAZINE I JUNE 2022 In addition to ISO 14001, which is one of the most recognized global standards for environ- mental management systems, the International Organization for Standardization has worked for a long time on many standards that relate to climate change. • ISO 14064: Parts 1 and 2 provide require- ments and guidelines for the quantifica- tion, monitoring, and reporting of green- house gas emissions activities. Part 3 defines requirements and provides guid- ance for those responsible for validating and verifying greenhouse gas claims. • ISO 14065: Standard provides guidelines for organizations that perform greenhouse gas validation or verification. • ISO 14066: Standard specifies the compe- tence requirements for greenhouse gas validation and verification teams. • ISO/TS 14067: A technical specifica- tion that provides guidelines for quantify- ing and reporting a product's carbon foot- print, based on ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 (international standards for cycle analysis of life). • ISO/TR 14069: A technical report that provides guidelines for quantifying and reporting an organization's direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions. Conflict minerals Conflict minerals refer to raw materials or minerals that come from a particular part of the world where a conflict is occurring and affects the extraction and trade of those mate- rials. ese conflict minerals are tin, tantalum, tungsten (the "3 Ts"), and gold. ey are mined in eastern Congo and are found in all consumer electronics, as well as products in the jewelry, automotive, aerospace, medical equipment, and many other industries. A landmark conflict minerals law was passed in 2010 by the U.S. Congress and requires U.S.- listed companies to determine whether their products contain one or more of the four min- erals—tin, tantalum, tungsten, and gold—orig- inating from Congo. or one of its nine neigh- boring countries. Section 1502 of the U.S. Dodd Frank Act, known as the "Conflict Minerals Provision," is the first piece of legislation aimed at sever- ing ties between the lucrative mineral trade in eastern Congo and violent armed groups. It requires publicly traded companies in the United States that believe they are sourcing from the region to carry out checks on their supply chains (known as due diligence), to determine whether their mineral purchases have benefited abusive armed groups. Com- panies must then report publicly on the actions they have taken to the U.S. regulator, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Labor ethics e ISO 45001 certification is primarily aimed at managing the health and safety of employees in the workplace. Implemented in March 2018 in the face of workplace acci- dents, it replaced the OHSAS 18001 standard in December 2021. is certificate is not yet commonly implemented in the PCB indus- try. But some major PCB manufacturers have already started implementing it, demonstrat- ing their commitment to their employees and to responsible manufacturing. Social Accountability 8000 or SA8000 is an international certification standard that encourages organizations to develop, main- tain, and apply socially acceptable practices in the workplace. Many factories have already integrated the SA8000 into their organization and strat- egy. It is, among other things, the guaran- tee that there is no child labor, forced labor, the assurance of respect for health and safety, working hours in accordance with international standards, or r ules against discrimination.