Issue link: https://iconnect007.uberflip.com/i/1502623
42 SMT007 MAGAZINE I JULY 2023 just cost, quality or throughput, and we must be better at explaining to management what those constraints and limitations are from an Industry 4.0 aspect. Happy Holden: What helped me very early on was redefining automation into two vectors: mechanization and systemization (or informa- tion). Then we broke down all the functions people did by how much time they (or the machinery) spent on moving the object, read- ing the work order, reading the instructions, or changing the dials. I developed six levels of mechanization and six levels of informa- tion. I'm still waiting to see a good digital twin that I can play with, because, you know, everybody talks about it, but I haven't seen too much that I can lay my hands on. You make a great point. It's like the value stream mapping they talk about in Lean, or boundary diagrams. We need to be trying to understand those fundamentals of where the energy is going. Where's the movement of goods or the information going? What needs to be done?