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66 SMT007 MAGAZINE I AUGUST 2023 ever, inspection equipment can oen become a bottleneck at many inspection points, so hav- ing a highly adaptive system that can meet dynamic manufacturing environments is key. Moreover, automating non-value-added labor can provide immediate value by reduc- ing labor costs, increasing throughput, and ensuring higher or more consistent quality. By implementing these strategies, manufacturers can improve their overall efficiency and prof- itability. How has machine learning, and generative AI specifically, impacted the manufacturing process? Traditionally, machine learning requires large sets of real-world data for training. With gen- erative AI, we can work with less in environ- ments of limited production data; we can generate more "synthetic" data to teach and improve inspection capabilities quickly. Many manufacturing processes are optimized and produce very few defects. Using generative AI, we create images of all types of variants of defects. ese are then input into our ML train- ing to improve inspection performance. What are the most common misconceptions of artificial intelligence? Newer artificial intelligence is much more diffi- cult to operationalize than people think. While it's easy to get a simple proof of concept that will show the potential of AI, the path to pro- duction is fraught with challenges. For exam- ple, capturing images while accounting for variations in production facilities and manu- facturing processes is not trivial. e adage, "garbage in, garbage out" is at play here as ML algorithms, despite their resilience, cannot function well with poor inputs. From your perspective, where do you see the future of artificial intelligence? As an optimist, I have a positive outlook on the future and believe that AI-based systems will work alongside humans to improve produc- tion. Although some jobs may change and cer- tain tasks will be automated, new job opportu- nities will be created. In our industry, AI will help reduce inspec- tion costs, making it possible to have inspec- tion capabilities at every stage of production, and potentially identifying defects as soon as they occur. is early detection will prevent further problems in the production process. By automating certain inspection tasks, operators can manage more production lines or focus on other tasks, allowing companies to increase production faster and meet growing demands. Thank you Arif. Happy to help. SMT007