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24 SMT007 MAGAZINE I NOVEMBER 2024 this technology has been the combination of the ICT and functional test processes, allow- ing manufacturers to move functional tests— such as LIN, CAN, BIST, current, and voltage measurements—upstream in the process. Tra- ditionally performed at the end-of-line, these tests can now be completed earlier, reducing the load on EOL testers and catching defects earlier in the production cycle. Additionally, enhancements in the physical handling of the panel allow for faster testing times. Some systems on the market are capa- ble of testing two panels simultaneously, effec- tively doubling the throughput of the testing process. Advantages By integrating test capabilities and moving this process upstream, automation helps man- ufacturers address the growing challenges of modern PCBA manufacturing. • Real-time test data: Moving the test pro- cess inline and upstream offers real-time feedback, allowing manufacturers to make quick decisions and minimize defects, enhancing overall product quality. • Cost efficiency: Fewer test systems and operators are required, reducing both equipment and labor costs. By consolidat- ing multiple test functions into a single system, fixture expenses are also minimized. • Improved throughput: Combining test functions ensures that test cycle times align with SMT line TAKT times, prevent- ing WIP from piling up and keeping the production line moving efficiently. • Smaller footprint: e consolidation of test processes into a single system reduces the test cell's footprint, freeing up valuable space on the production floor. • Earlier fault detection: By moving criti- cal tests upstream in the process, manufac- turers can detect and address faults earlier, cutting down on rework and scrap costs. Drawbacks Like any technology, this method does not fit every manufacturing environment. Many familiar with the test process will point out that this is not a one-size-fits-all approach. is level of automation thrives in lower-mix, high- speed environments such as the automotive and consumer electronics sectors. In indus- tries that trend towards higher-mix/lower- volume production, traditional offline meth- ods of testing work well, as the demands on the test systems are significantly lower, lead- ing to less concern over WIP buildup, capital investment, and labor allocation. Additionally, the initial costs of inline systems tend to be a higher upfront investment, so determining the fit based on the production environment is key to determining the ROI. Conclusion e automation of testing processes is not merely a trend but a necessary focus in elec- tronics manufacturing. As the gap between SMT line output and testing capabilities wid- ens, embracing advanced automated solu- tions can significantly enhance efficiency, reduce costs, and improve quality. While this approach may not be universally applicable, its benefits are clear. Adopting automation in test- ing is not just about keeping pace with produc- tion, but also changing the way we think about quality assurance in a complex manufacturing world. SMT007 Josh Casper is regional sales manager, West Region, Horizon Sales.