IPC International Community magazine an association member publication
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94 I-CONNECT007 MAGAZINE I FEBRUARY 2026 security (ISO/SAE 21434 and UNECE Reg. 155/156), display reliability, and OTA governance are evolv- ing, but many remain in development or show gaps in coverage and harmonization, leading to inconsis- tent application across OEMs and technologies. 23 EVs can provide a stronger, more unified electri- cal and software platform that facilitates tighter inte- gration of ADAS and connectivity systems than ICE or HEV platforms. This synergy stems from the foun- dational design of EV architectures around electri- fication, networking, and software defined control. Ultimately, the road to reliability for ADAS, connec- tivity, and driver interfaces will depend on disci- plined DFR practices, cross-domain collaboration, and continuous learning from field data. Vehicles that succeed will not only perform safely but will communicate that safety clearly and consistently to the people who rely on them. I-CONNECT007 Stanton Rak is principal consultant for SF Rak Company, and co-chair of the APEX EXPO Technical Program Committee. References 1. "Understanding Functional Safety and Ensuring Reliabil- ity in Critical Systems," by U. Yesilmen, June 4, 2025. 2. "Taxonomy and Definitions for Terms Related to Driving Automation Systems for On-Road Motor Vehicles," by SAE International, 2022. 3. "Classifying Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) Errors in Adverse Weather and Visibility Conditions," by G. Lee, Sensors, 2025. 4. "Safety Implications of Potential Advanced Driver Assis- tance Systems Sensor Degradation," by L. Stowe, J. Alcazar, S. Huggins, G.T. Beale, M. Palmer, and Z.R. Doerzaph, National Highway Traffic Safety Administra- tion, 2025. 5. "Sensor Testing in Adverse Visibility Conditions (SUS Final Report)," by P. Eriksson, E. Ronelöv, O. Tullberg, and V. Chernoray, Swedish Governmental Agency for Inno- vation Systems (Vinnova), 2023. 6. "Evaluation of False Alarm Rates in Forward Collision Warning Systems Under Varied Driving Scenarios," by Y. Bao, International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology, 2024. 7. "Evolutionary Path to Vehicle Zonal E/E Architecture," by S. Jiang, SAE Technical Paper 2026-01-0071, 2025. 8. "AEC-Q100: Stress Test Qualification for Integrated Cir- cuits," by Automotive Electronics Council, 2021. 9. "How OTA Updates Reduce Automotive Recalls," IoT For All, Aug. 24, 2025. 10. "21434: Road Vehicles – Cybersecurity Engineering," ISO/SAE, 2021. 11. "Connected Vehicles: Technology Review, State of the Art, Challenges and Opportunities," by G. Abdelkader, K. Elgazzar, and A. Khamis, Sensors, 2021. 12. "SW Update Leaves Some Jeep Wrangler 4xe Owners Stranded," by Caleb Miller, Car and Driver, Oct. 17, 2025. 13. "What Is a Software-Defined Vehicle (SDV)?," by H. Taller, PTC, Sept. 4, 2025. 14. "MyFord Touch," by Wikipedia. 15. "Technology Woes Continue to Erode New-Vehicle Dependability," by J. Youngs, J.D. Power, Feb. 8, 2024. 16. "Design of Automotive Human–Machine Interfaces: New Challenges in Enhancing User Experience, Safety, and Security," by I. Grobelna, D. Mailland, and M. Horwat, Applied Sciences, 2025. 17. "Review of Electrical and Electronic Architectures for Automotive Systems," by W. Wang, et al., Vehicle System Dynamics, 2024. 18. "Accelerate Automotive UI Development with Kiro, Squish, and Virtual Targets," by P. Bartsch et al., Amazon Web Services, Jan. 14, 2026. 19. "HIL Testing for Complex Automotive Systems: Con- sistent Test Reuse Across MIL → SIL → HIL in a Model- Driven Development Workflow," Siemens Digital Indus- tries Software. 20. "Systemic Integration of EV and Autonomous Driving Technologies: A Study of China's Intelligent Mobility Transition," by J. Gao, et al., World Electric Vehicle Jour- nal, 2025. 21. "Connected Mobility: Why EVs and Cellular Networks Are Inseparable," by P. Gadenius, Webbings Solutions, Sept. 10, 2025. 22. "Factors Influencing Trust in ADAS for Current Users," by C. A. DeGuzma, Human Factors and Ergonomics Soci- ety, 2023. 23. "Standards relevant to automated driving system safety: An in-depth assessment of current and emerging auto- motive standards," by S. Ballingall, Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 2023.