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March 2014 • The PCB Magazine 47 BEHAVIOR OF MATERIALS IN THE MANUFACTURING ENVIRONMENT continues Insertion Losses for Stripline Observations Based on SI Data: 1. Published and actual Df and Dk values were found to be very close. 2. Insertion losses for both stripline and microstrip materials tested are in a small band width below 10GHz. However, the gap widens as we move towards 20GHz. 3. Percentage change in Df value ranged from 7.3% for material 'C' to 17.9% for mate- rial 'RA' as the frequency increases from 10GHz to 20GHz. 4. Percentage change in Dk values for ma- terials is below 1.5% as the frequency increases from 10GHz to 20GHz. 5. There is a direct relationship between Dk and delay time. Material 'RB' with a Dk value of 3.7 has the lowest delay time. SI Results Conclusion 1. By the insertion loss measurement, ma- terial 'RB' has the best signal integrity. We can classify these materials as below: -- signal integrity (overall insertion loss): RB (the best) > RA~E~D > A > B >C 2. Evaluation based upon delay time and Dk and Df extraction, the material (in order of Dk and Df value) are: Dk -- RB (the lowest) < RA~E~D < A~B~C Df -- RB (the lowest) < D < RA~E < A < B< C Project Summary Table 7 gives a summary of all the test re- sults. It should be noted that some of the values table 6. table 7.