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28 The PCB Design Magazine • October 2016 Researchers have developed all-electrical ultra-thin quantum LEDs, which have potential as on- chip photon sources in quantum information applications, including quantum networks for quantum computers. Ultra-thin quantum light emitting diodes (LEDs) – made of layered materials just a few atoms thick – have been developed by researchers at the University of Cambridge. Constructed of layers of different ultra- thin materials, the devices could be used in the devel - opment of new computing and sensing technologies. A computer built on the principles of quantum mechanics would be both far more powerful and more secure than current technologies, and would be capable of performing calculations that cannot be performed otherwise. However, in order to make such a device possible, researchers need to develop reliable methods of electrically generating single, indistinguishable photons as carriers of information across quantum networks. The ultra-thin platform developed by the Cam - bridge researchers offers high levels of tunability, design freedom, and integration capabilities. Typically, single pho- ton generation requires large-scale optical set-ups with several lasers and precise alignment of optical components. This new research brings on-chip single photon emission for quantum communication a step closer. The results are reported in the journal Nature Communications. The layered nature of TMDs makes them ideal for use in ultra-thin structures on chips. They also offer an advantage over some other single-photon emitters for feasible and effective integration into nanopho - tonic circuits. "We are just scratching the surface of the many possible applications of devices prepared by com- bining graphene with other materials," said senior co-author Professor Andrea Ferrari, Director of the Cambridge Graphene. "In this case, not only have we demonstrated controllable photon sources, but we have also shown that the field of quantum tech- nologies can greatly benefit from layered materials. Many more exciting results and applications will surely follow." Ultra-thin Quantum LEDs Could Accelerate Development of Quantum Networks Lambert: Yes, we are seeing the mil- lennials come through the facility, be they either college graduates or non-graduates. As for the challenge to conduct the training for this par- ticular generation, we have to look at the methods being used to trans- fer the information and this is the item we must address. Although the subject matter is still similar, the methodology of delivery must be updated, and this is a challenge for the industry. We need to address long-distance learning, as well as long- distance testing, and review the questions and the way they are created and written to challenge those individuals. The other phase of this change is providing more information relative to the rea - soning behind the conditions or statements. In providing the answers we need to also provide the why's for those answers as this is becoming more common with the younger generation. Shaughnessy: Anything else you'd like to add? Lambert: Training is changing both in concepts and delivery, and one of the difficult issues we need to address is the upgrade of our own instructors. As the old saying goes, we need to keep up with the times, and since change is con- stant this is one of the most difficult issues fac- ing training centers, other than hiring younger instructors who can relate to the students in the classes. Shaughnessy: Thanks for your time, Leo. See you at a trade show. Lambert: Thank you, Andy. Happy to help. PCBDESIGN LEO LAMBERT DISCUSSES EPTAC'S EVOLVING MISSION