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16 PCB007 MAGAZINE I MAY 2018 the first 5G networks will launch by the year 2020. Verizon and AT&T have made advances and are already testing 5G networks. In fact, each of the four nationwide cellphone carri- ers—Verizon, AT&T, T-Mobile and Sprint—are developing 5G network technology. Chip de- signers and fabricators, including Qualcomm and Intel, are building processors and radi- os that enable 5G communications. And the major network equipment companies, includ- ing Nokia, Ericsson and Huawei, are building the backbone and equip- ment to support 5G. AT&T says it will start to roll out its first 5G net- work as early as late 2018, though virtually no one will be able to use it until 5G-compati- ble devices land on store shelves sometime in 2020—although it may happen sooner. 5G will give your new device a much speedier connection. Speeds up to 10 times faster than 4G are being targeted. Un- like the times when pre- vious "Gs" were intro- duced, this time many of those that make up the target market actually do know what this means and are eager- ly waiting for this next-generation technology. A good example of what this will mean: You will be able to down- load a large file, something like an extremely high-resolution HD vid- eo/movie, perhaps with resolu- tions in the 8K range, in 30 sec- onds or less as compared to a six- minute download when using 4G (Figure 7). There will be virtually no latency—latency refers to how fast a piece of data takes to get to its destination—therefore virtual- ly no lag time. Calling the portable devices using 5G "phones" is almost nonsense. Sure, you can talk on them but the 5G technol- ogy will enable the extreme level of commu- nications necessary for autonomous driverless transportation and so much more. The possible uses for 5G are massive; it will usher in truly connected cities where traf- fic lights, street lights, road sensors, vehicles, signs and a litany of other previously uncon- nected objects and structures come online and communicate with each other. That will Figure 6: Comparison of speeds by generation. Figure 7: Comparing 4G to the upcoming 5G. (Source: Rysavy Research) IMT-Advanced (4G) IMT-2020 (5G) Peak Data Rate DL: 1 Gbps UL: 0.05 Gbps DL: 20 Gbps UL: 10 Gbps User Experienced Data Rate 10 Mbps 100 Mbps Spectrum Efficiency 1 (normalized) 3X over IMT-Advanced Peak Spectral Efficiency DL: 15 bps/Hz UL: 6.75 bps/Hz DL: 30 bps/Hz UL: 15 bps/Hz Mobility 350 km/h 500 km/h User Plane Latency 10 msec 1 msec 1 Connection Density 100,000 devices/sq.km 1 million devices/sq.km Network Energy Efficiency 1 (normalized) 100X over IMT-Advanced Area Traffic Capacity 0.1 Mbpz /sq.m 10 Mbpz /sq.m Bandwidth Up to 20 MHz/radio channel (up to 100 MHz aggregated) Up to 1 GHz (single or multiple RF carriers) 1 Per 3GPP TR 38.913 (V0.3.0, Mar. 2016), 0.5 msec for DL and0.5 msec for UL for Ultra High-reliability and Low-Latency communications (URLLC) and 4 msec for UL and 4 msec for DL for Enhanced Mobile Broadband. Source: RysavyResearch 4G vs. 5G: Exciting Advances on the Horizon