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88 DESIGN007 MAGAZINE I NOVEMBER 2018 transmission channel with longer non-homo- geneous substrate segment on PCB. This weakens the immunity of the channel against common-mode noise or crosstalk. Besides analysis in the frequency domain, the study is also performed in the time domain (i.e., eye diagram and intra-pair skew) with simulation topology depicted in Figures 5 and 6. In these two analyses, a differential signal with a 600 mVpp amplitude at 1 Gbps (35 ps rise-fall time) and 10 Gbps (5 ps rise-fall time) is injected into the transmission line models listed in Table 1. The results of intra-pair skew and eye-opening are summarized in Table 3. Figure 4a: Scd21 for microstrip. Figure 5: Simulation topology of the eye diagram. Figure 6: Simulation topology of an intra-pair skew. Figure 4b: Scd21 for stripline. Table 3: Summary of skew and eye-opening.