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74 PCB007 MAGAZINE I NOVEMBER 2022 Summary We reviewed two main cornerstones for 3D AME applications: e first is combined iso- lation and conductive materials which are the building blocks for 3D structures printing tech- nology, and the second is 3D design CAD sys- tems. AME enables new capabilities in the integra- tion of electro-mechanical designs. It allows designers to print embedded components such as coils, capacitors, coax interconnects and others. High-frequency performance is enhanced versus traditional procesess, with better impedance control and accuracy. On the mechanical structures, it reduces many complex stages into one print session, compared to traditional multi-stage PCB and other electronic devices. We explored the advantages of removing vias from electronic devices which enabled denser devices using the same trace width while enabling significantly better RF performance. While we see the need for more complex electronics growing, as well as the need to get sophisticated designs implemented faster, 3D AME is undoubtedly the direction in which the electronics industry is headed. PCB007 Shavi Spinzi is VP of PCB technologies at Nano Dimension. Quantum technologies are on the verge of revo- lutionizing computing and communications, prom- ising benefits such as secure communication, ultra- sensitive sensing and parallel computing. Many of these applications require light sources that can generate single photons on demand. A promis- ing source of single photons in the infrared wave- length range used in telecommunications is carbon nanotubes—cylinders of graphene sheets that are a mere nanometer or so in diameter—that have been imparted with new functions, or functionalized, by adding an organic molecule. Now, Kato and Daichi Kozawa, also of Riken Cen- ter for Advanced Photonics (RAP), and their co- workers have developed a method for functionaliz- ing carbon nanotubes that can be done in the vapor phase, and hence on nanotubes suspended across a trench in a silicon substrate. The study was a collaboration born out of a pre- pandemic interaction at an international confer- ence. Kato and Kozawa's team at RAP produced the suspended nanotubes and then sent them to chemists in the University of Maryland in the United States for functionalization, who then sent them back for analysis. The team now intends to optimize the functional- ization process so that just one organic molecule is introduced per nanotube. (Source: Riken) A Cleaner, Better Way to Produce Single-photon Emitters