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52 DESIGN007 MAGAZINE I JULY 2024 Supplier management responsible for BOM sourcing: "All parts on order, no short- ages. "Lock 'em up!" Program manager: "Congratulations PCB designer. is jury of your project peers has found your layout in total conformance on all counts pertaining to the laws of DFX. You are free to begin your next design aer locking up your approved design data attributes and out- putting and releasing fresh CAM data." Let us all perform our PCB engineering duties with character, integrity, and respect and make every effort to consider the needs of our valuable project stakeholders in parallel with our own. DESIGN007 Kelly Dack, CIT, CID+, provides DFx centered PCB design and manufacturing liaison expertise for a dynamic EMS provider in the Pacific Northwest while also serving as an IPC design certifi- cation instructor (CID) for EPTAC. To read past columns, click here. A team of scientists at the Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory are develop- ing new methods to probe the universe's minute details at extraordinary speeds. In previous research, researchers developed a way to produce X-ray laser bursts which are sev- eral hundred attoseconds (or billionths of a billionth of a second) long. This method, called X-ray laser- enhanced attosecond pulse generation (XLEAP), allows scientists to investigate how electrons zip- ping around molecules jumpstart key processes in biology, chemistry, materials science and more. Now, led by SLAC scientists Agostino Marinelli and James Cryan, the team has developed new tools to use these attosecond pulses in ground- breaking ways: the first use of attosecond pulses in pump-probe experiments and the production of the most powerful attosecond X-ray pulses ever reported. The experiments, conducted at SLAC's Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) X-ray free-elec- tron laser and published in two articles in Nature Photonics, could revolutionize fields ranging from chemistry to materials science by offering insights into the fastest motions inside atoms and molecules. In the first development, researchers introduced a novel approach to conducting "pump-probe" exper- iments with attosecond X-ray pulses. These experi- ments, aimed at measuring ultrafast events shorter than a trillionth of a second, involve exciting atoms with a "pump" pulse followed by probing them with a second pulse to observe resultant changes. The second development concentrated on gen- erating high-power attosecond pulses using a technique known as "super-radiance," achieving power levels of nearly one terawatt. This process involved a cascading effect in an X-ray free-electron laser, significantly amplifying the pulses' power. The heightened intensity of these pulses allows scien- tists to explore unique states of matter and witness phenomena occurring at even shorter time scales. " T h e s e a r e t h e most powerful atto- second X-ray pulses ever reported. The intensity of these pulses allows us to explore entirely new r e g i m e s o f X- r a y science," Marinelli said." (Source: SLAC) Exploring the Ultrasmall and Ultrafast Through Advances in Attosecond Science