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30 PCB007 MAGAZINE I NOVEMBER 2024 References 1. The Handbook for Quality Management, Second Edition, T. Pyzdek and P. Keller, 2013. 2. "Get it right. A strategic guide to quality systems," by K. Imler, 2006. 3. "Cost of quality: Not only failure costs," by A. Buthmann, A, Six Sigma, 2017. 4. Six Sigma, M. Harry and R. Schroeder, 2000. 5. "The history of reliability prediction," by W. Denson, IEEE Transactions on Reliability, September 1998. 6. "Six Sigma Rolled Throughput Yield," by S. Graves, Quality Engineering, 2002. 7. Six Sigma Distribution Modeling, by A. Sleeper, 2007. 8. NIST Engineering Statistics Handbook, 2012. 9. Minitab v. 22 software 10. Total Quality Control by A.V. Feigenbaum, 1983. Patrick Valentine is the technical and lean six sigma manager for Uyemura USA. neer in uncovering the hidden factory. e benefits of discovering the hidden factory include reduced capacity constraints, reduced labor and material costs, and improved cus- tomer satisfaction. Conclusions e costs of poor quality include all expenses incurred for not making or providing a perfect product the first time. Rework can frequently stress a product non-standardly and predis- pose it to an early failure. Defects are items that depart from specifications and generally follow a Poisson distribution. Defectives are units con- sidered utterly unacceptable for use and gener- ally follow a binomial distribution. First-time yield (FTY ) is the percentage of units that pass through an individual process without defects. Rolled throughput yield (RTY ) estimates the probability that a unit passes through all pro- cess steps defect-free. Process yield statistics, distributions, and the hidden factory correlate with scrap, rework, warranty costs, and cus- tomer satisfaction. Poor quality is costly. PCB007 Figure 4: Run chart of RTY.