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24 The PCB Magazine • August 2014 while maintaining as much of your lead posi- tion as practical. In the end, the technical solution will either become known or alternatives will be devel- oped, which may negate market leadership. In order for the true global marketplace to grow to its full potential, there needs to be sufficient sharing of information to provide common bases for the consensus-based standards (and we have already concluded that the existence of standards is one necessary condition for facili- tating global market growth). Conclusions • Cooperatively developed, consensus-based standards are one, necessary, but not sufficient requirement for global printed electronic devel- opments. Many other technical, political, logis- tical, etc. issues must also be addressed • Competing standards development efforts will harm the industry; means to combine, or at least coordinate content are the goal • A more collaborative approach will ad- vance printed electronics to achieve full poten- tial PCB References 1. Americans Adopt the Auto 2. The Printed Circuit Board of Paul Eisler 3. GSI Technologies: A Pioneer Maintains its PE Leadership "Around 1997, the company had initial inquiries from the medical/diagnostic market," says Gordon Smith, chief technology officer. "We began with the printing of glucose test strips, and today we enjoy a very good busi- ness relationship with a customer in that field. We manufacture 1–1.5 billion strips per year— and that's only about 10% of the market for the product. There are a lot of untapped regions in the world where diabetes is undiagnosed." 4. Carhistory4u.com, Section 1.2, Produc- tion. 5. "New Materials & Emerging Applications for Printed Electronics," 27 June 2014, Robert Waldrop, DuPont MicroCircuit Materials, RTP, NC, in a PowerPoint presentation at WMU- CAPE Networking event 30 June 2014, Kalama- zoo, MI. Marc carter is the director of technology transfer at IPc. he is responsible for oversight of IPc technology and printed electronics roadmap activities, and supporting IPc efforts in regulatory compliance, training, and support of the developing printed electronics indus- try. carter has been actively employed in electronic fabrication, assembly, and applied material science industries for approximately 36 years and joined IPc in 2011. dr. felice torrisi, university lecturer in gra- phene technology, has been awarded a Young International researchers' fellowship from the national science foundation of china to study how graphene and two-dimensional materials could enable printed and flexible eyes. the vision is to create a technology for cheap, flexible cameras that can be printed or stamped on plastic or paper. "It might eventually be possible to embed these printed, flexible optoelectronic devices into clothes, packag- ing, wall papers, posters, touch screens or even buildings. everybody with a printer at home will be able to print their own "artificial eye" and physically stick it to a flexible mobile phone," felice said. the goal of the 18-month project is to de- sign, develop and characterize inkjet printed 2d crystal-based flexible photodetectors and study their integration with commercial electronics. "Photodetectors are needed in cameras, au- tomotive applications, sensing and telecommu- nications, medical devices and security. If these were flexible they could be integrated in clothes, rolled up or printed over any irregular surface, substantially increasing the quality of printed and flexible electronics." Cheap, Flexible Printed Cameras from Graphene PRINTED ELECTRONICS 2014: WORLD STANDARDIzATION EFFORT continues