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62 The PCB Design Magazine • December 2015 by Brad Brim CADeNCe DeSIGN SySTeMS The automotive world is changing rapid- ly and the pace of this change is accelerating. Hardly a day goes by without engineering trade news concerning autonomous driving capabili- ties or IP core selection for future automotive microcontrollers. Even financial news media regularly cover new companies entering the au- tomotive market, speculating as to what they will bring to this long established industry. The very nature of the automobile is changing as internal combustion propulsion is augmented for hybrid vehicles and completely replaced for all-electric cars. In past decades, evolutionary changes were common. Drum brakes transitioned to discs. Anti-lock braking has become a standard fea- ture and autonomous braking capabilities for forward and cross-traffic conditions are now available as options, as depicted in Figure 1. AM/FM radios now have added support for CDs, USB drives and Bluetooth, video, and DVDs, be- coming complete entertainment systems. The advent of automotive Internet access enables a new class of infotainment capability for both passengers and driver. Revolutionary changes are on the horizon, including autonomous vehi- cles (no driver), autonomous driving and other advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) ca- pabilities. Automated braking and other avail- able ADAS capabilities can be viewed as evolu- tionary changes. But whether evolutionary or revolutionary, these changes in propulsion and all other attributes of the driving experience are enabled by electronic systems where PCBs (and PCB design teams) play a major role. A recent article in The PCB Design Magazine by Monica Andrei of Continental Automotive Systems emphasized the systemic nature of an automobile and discussed the characteristics and adoption of software design tools to en- able such system-level design. Recognizing that electrical challenges are part of the automotive system-level discussion, this article will pres- ent more detail on signal integrity (SI). Future discussion is planned regarding electromagnet- Electrical Design Challenges for Automotive PCBs article Figure 1: Autonomous braking.