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50 PCB007 MAGAZINE I JANUARY 2024 scale and trying to emulate nature. Biomed- ical MEMS (bioMEMS) have emerged as a subset of MEMS devices for applications in biomedical research and medical microde- vices, with an emphasis on mechanical parts and microfabrication technologies. Appli- cations include disease detection, chemi- cal monitoring, and drug delivery. ere has been rapid market growth for bioMEMS tech- nologies, and many bioMEMS devices are already commercially available; a familiar example is the blood-glucose sensor. ere is great potential for large-scale commercializa- tion of microfluidic-based LoC and LoPCB technologies. COVID-19 created a rush for simple and quick medical diagnostic tests for the public. Lab-on-PCBs (Figure 1), started in 2000 by Agilent, have evolved to other materials and applications 1 . Lab-on-chip (LoC) and lab-on-PCB (LoPCB) are devices that integrate one or several laboratory functions on a single inte- grated circuit or board. LoC devices are microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices (Figure 1) that function as micro total analysis systems (micro-TAS), generally using microfluidics principles to manipulate minute amounts of fluids. In practical terms, micro- fluidics is about doing chemistry on a tiny Lab-on-PCBs for Medical Diagnosis Happy's Tech Talk #24 by Happy Holden, I-CONNECT007 Figure 1: Medical diagnostics have evolved rapidly because of COVID-19. There are various lab-on-chips (1a and 1b) and lab-on-PCBs (1c and 1d) evolving from silicon chips to glass/paper and then PCBs. They can even be produced by additively printing on PCBs (1c and 1d) 1 . (Source: Abbott, Nano Dimension)