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42 SMT007 MAGAZINE I APRIL 2025 • Missing or small via connects • Head-in-pillow defects • Cracks in substrates Advances in Software Technology Automated Analysis With advanced packages being used to run AI tools, the number of interconnects with the chip continues to climb exponentially. Even with the sub-micron detail that is pos- sible to achieve today, the manual inspection of interconnects in tens of thousands is not practical. Fortunately, automation is advanc- ing here as well. Image analysis is no longer only being accomplished at the 2D level, but 3D volumes can be automatically segmented and inspected, greatly reducing the need for human intervention. Conclusion Given these advancements, X-ray inspec- tion technology is now the best option for inspecting the interconnects between layers within advanced packaging. With its unparalleled level of detail with viewable area, diagnosing killer defects while accelerating ramp-up time has never been simpler. Due to the non-destructive nature of the process, chip production lines can be monitored more closely, increasing yields. SMT007 David Kruidhof is a technical sales manager at Comet Yxlon in Cal- ifornia, and Kevin Jan works for Comet Yxlon in Hamburg, Germany. Researchers developed a theoretical model that predicts substantial increase in the brightness of or- ganic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) by leveraging novel quantum states called polaritons. Integrating polaritons into OLEDs effectively requires the dis- covery of new materials, making practical implemen- tation an exciting challenge. OLEDs are quite slow at converting electric current into light, with only 25% probability in emitting pho- tons efficiently and rapidly. The latter is an impor- tant condition for boosting the brightness of OLEDs, which tend to be dimmer than other light technolo- gies. Researchers from the University of Turku, Fin- land, and Cornell University, USA, have now pro- posed a predictive model to overcome this problem. Hybrid States of Light and Matter May Significantly Enhance OLED Brightness OLEDs are electronic components made from or- ganic carbon-based compounds that produce light when an electric current is applied to them. In OLED displays, the pixels themselves emit light, unlike liq- uid crystal displays, which use LED backlighting. When sandwiched between two semi-transpar- ent mirrors, the organic emitters can couple with the confined light, creating new hybrid states of light and matter called polaritons. By fine-tuning these states, it is possible to find a sweet spot where the remaining 75% dark states start becoming bright po- laritons instead. "In this work, we carefully examined where the polariton sweet spot lies in different scenarios. We found that the strength of the polaritonic effect in OLEDs' performance depends on the number of coupled molecules. The fewer, the better," says As- sociate Professor Konstantinos Daskalakis from the University of Turku. "The next challenge is to develop feasible architec- tures facilitating single-molecule strong coupling or invent new molecules tailored for polariton OLEDs. Both approaches are challenging, but as a result, the efficiency and brightness of OLED displays could be significantly improved," Daskalakis explains. (Source: University of Turku)