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MARCH 2025 I DESIGN007 MAGAZINE 45 Figure 1: Engineering queries (EQ) for designs that do not match supplier capability. Can you read Mandarin? laborative process of review and concurrence. Excellent design specifications are not created autonomously and neither are excellent PCB layouts. e designs that include the high- est manufacturability and best performance are reviewed concurrently by multiple stake- holders—fabricators, assemblers, electrical, mechanical, and test engineers—they are not created alone in a vacuum. Professional Development Courses We were also introduced to a divergence of PCB creative thought through some of the advanced PCB design concept courses, includ- ing one on flex circuit design and another on dense packaging design strategies, including design for harsh environments. e message we heard consistently was to adhere to existing design and manufacturing standards. Manu-