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JUNE 2025 I PCB007 MAGAZINE 75 articles reinforcing the essential need for IPC documents to be both understood and followed by PCB manufacturers in Asia, the importance of which IPC had not yet real- ized until Lionel's hard work. Once the positive results of such efforts became obvious, Lionel was clearly on the road to the Hall of Fame. IPC standards, mostly through Lionel's efforts and assis- tance, became widely accepted among Asian manufacturers. Lionel Fullwood's work in this area served to move IPC from an organi- zation primarily focused on American manu- facturing to one that was truly global, a shi that continues to grow and expand to this day. PCB007 A research team led by Professor Yong-Young Noh and Dr. Youjin Reo from the Department of Chemical Engi- neering at POSTECH (Pohang University of Science and Technology) has developed a groundbreaking technolo- gy poised to revolutionize next-generation displays and electronic devices. The project was a collaborative effort with Professors Ao Liu and Huihui Zhu from the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC). Every time we stream videos or play games on our smartphones, thousands of transistors operate tirelessly behind the scenes. These microscop- ic components function like traffic sig- nals, regulating electric currents to dis- play images and ensure smooth app operation. Transistors are typically cat- egorized as n-type (electron transport) and p-type (hole transport), with n-type devices generally demonstrating supe- rior performance. However, to achieve high speed computing with low power consumption, p-type transistors must reach comparable efficiency. To address this challenge, the re- search team focused on a novel p-type semiconducting material with a unique crystal structure: tin-based perovskites. This material has emerged as a promising candidate for high-performance p-type transistors. Traditionally, it has only been fabricated through a solution process—a tech- nique akin to soaking ink into paper—which presents challenges in scalability and consistent quality. In a significant breakthrough, the team successfully ap- plied thermal evaporation, a process widely used across in- dustries such as OLED TV and semiconductor chips manu- facturing, to produce high-quality caesium-tin-iodide (CsS- nI3) semiconductor layers. This technique involves vapor- izing materials at high temperatures to form thin films on substrates. Furthermore, by adding a small amount of lead chloride (PbCl2), the researchers were able to improve the uniformity and crystallinity of the perovskite thin films. The resulting transistors exhibited outstanding per- formance, achieving a hole mobility of over 30 cm2/V·s and an on/off cur- rent ratio of 108 which are comparable to already commercialized n-type ox- ide semiconductors—indicating rapid signal processing and low power con- sumption during switching. (Source: POSTECH) Vapour-deposited Perovskite Semiconductors Power Next Generation Circuits In 2019, Lionel Fullwood was presented with the Dieter Bergman award. In 2019, Lionel Fullwood was presented with the Dieter Bergman award.