IPC International Community magazine an association member publication
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54 I-CONNECT007 MAGAZINE I MAY 2026 A RT I C L E Last month, we began discussing the jour- ney from dilution to zero liquid discharge (ZLD). I highlighted that approximately 70% of the used process water (UPW) is generated from the dilute stream. This significant volume underscores the necessity for effective treatment processes that ensure the safe return of water into the production cycle while minimising environmental impact. To this end, a multi-faceted approach is em- ployed to treat the UPW and reclaim it for reuse. The treatment process begins with advanced oxi- dation (AOX), a sophisticated technology designed to break down organic pollutants in the water. This method utilises powerful oxidising agents to generate hydroxyl radicals, which are highly reac- tive and effectively decompose organic contami- nants. By deploying AOX, facilities can significantly reduce the levels of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and other harmful substances often found in process water. From Dilution to ZLD Optimizing Used Process Water Management BY R I C H A R D N I C H O LS, G R E E N S O U RC E E N G I N E E R I N G Figure 1: An overview of the major components to design a ZLD, closed-loop, water recycling system.